Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors That Affect Skin Health

Healthy, radiant skin is influenced by far more than the products we apply each day. Skin health is the result of a complex interaction between intrinsic (internal) and extrinsic (external) factors that work together over time. Understanding these influences can help us make more informed choices to protect, support, and improve our skin at every stage of life.

Intrinsic Factors: What Happens From Within

Intrinsic factors are largely determined by genetics and natural biological processes. While they are less controllable, they form the foundation of how our skin behaves and ages.

1. Genetics

Our genes play a major role in determining skin type, tone, elasticity, and sensitivity. They influence how much collagen and elastin we produce, how our skin responds to inflammation, and how prone we are to certain conditions such as acne, eczema, or hyperpigmentation.

2. Aging

As we age, skin cell turnover slows and the production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid declines. This leads to thinner skin, reduced firmness, dryness, and the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. Blood flow and oil production also decrease over time, affecting the skin’s ability to repair itself and maintain moisture.

3. Hormonal Changes

Hormones have a powerful effect on skin health. Fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and throughout the menstrual cycle can influence oil production, acne, pigmentation, and sensitivity. For example, increased androgens can trigger breakouts, while decreased estrogen during menopause often results in dryness and loss of elasticity.

4. Metabolism and Cellular Function

The body’s ability to repair damage, fight inflammation, and regenerate cells directly impacts skin appearance and resilience. Slower metabolic and cellular processes can reduce the skin’s natural glow and its capacity to recover from environmental stressors.

Extrinsic Factors: Environmental and Lifestyle Influences

Extrinsic factors are external influences that affect skin health and are often determined through our lifestyle choices and protective measures.

1. Sun Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most significant contributors to premature skin aging. Chronic sun exposure damages collagen and elastin, leading to wrinkles, sagging, and uneven pigmentation. It also increases the risk of skin cancer. Daily sun protection is one of the most effective ways to preserve skin health long term.

2. Pollution

Environmental pollutants generate free radicals that damage skin cells and weaken the skin barrier. This can result in dullness, inflammation, sensitivity, and accelerated aging. Urban environments, in particular, expose skin to higher levels of airborne toxins.

3. Nutrition

What we eat directly affects our skin. Diets rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals support skin repair and reduce inflammation. Conversely, excessive sugar, processed foods, and alcohol can contribute to breakouts, collagen breakdown, and dull skin.

4. Lifestyle Habits

Sleep, stress, and physical activity all influence skin health. Chronic stress increases cortisol levels, which can impair the skin barrier and worsen conditions like acne and eczema. Lack of sleep slows skin regeneration, while regular exercise improves circulation and nutrient delivery to the skin.

5. Skincare and Environmental Exposure

Overuse of harsh products, improper cleansing, and frequent exposure to extreme temperatures can compromise the skin barrier. Using skincare products suited to your skin type and maintaining a consistent routine helps protect against external damage.

Balancing Both for Optimal Skin Health

While intrinsic factors are largely beyond our control, extrinsic factors offer opportunities for proactive care. By protecting the skin from environmental damage, supporting the body with proper nutrition and sleep, and using targeted skincare, we can help offset intrinsic aging and maintain healthier skin over time.

If you’re unsure where to start, come in for a consultation or facial, and let our experienced aestheticians offer a professional opinion to help you begin your skincare journey! Small changes can render huge results in your aging process.